Louis XIV and Royal Absolutism
Main Idea: Louis XIV (14th) is the ideal example of an absolute monarch--one who believes he can rule without any checks and balances. Louis' rule will lead to a bankrupt nation and then to the French Revolution.
Louis XIV--1638-1715. Powerful French king. Wanted glory for France. Controlled his nobles at Versailles. Built Versailles. Persecuted Protestants. Fought wars that ruined his economy.
"L'etat c'est moi" -- Louis's statement, in French, that "I am the state"--meaning he himself was the ruler of France and nobody else.
Sun King--This was Louis's nickname, and golden suns were on his clothing, shields, furniture and palace. Just as the planets revolve around the sun, so the kingdom and its people revolved around him.
Edict of Nantes--passed under Louis's father. Gave all French religious freedom. Louis canceled it, leading many leading French protestants to move out of France, causing a brain drain.
Palace of Versailles--huge palace with 2,000 rooms and miles of gardens 13 miles outside of Paris. Louis expanded it to fit many of his important nobles so that he could better control them.
Patron of the Arts--Louis loved art and patronized many types of art, especially ballet and theater, but also sculpture and other forms.
Disastrous Wars--wanting glory, Louis fought a series of wars that he didn't win but which hurt his economy and made France many enemies.
Rising Debt--the debt under Louis skyrocketed and France's economy suffered.
Video Links:
Louis XIV Mini Biography
Palace of Versailles and Louis XIV
Time-Lapse History of Versailles
Thursday, March 10The Causes of the French Revolution
Main Idea: The French Revolution was caused by poor government, royal absolutism, wars, Enlightenment ideas about government, and an unfair system that rewarded the wealthy while hurting the poor.
1. Poor government: French kings had all but bankrupted France on war and lavish spending.
2. Inequality: There were three estates (levels of people) in France, called the Three Estates
First Estate: The Church: owned 10% of the land. Provided public services such as schools, orphanages and hospitals. Paid 2% in taxes
Second Estate: The Nobles. Owned 20% of land, paid zero tax
Third Estate--everybody else, 98% of the population, from the upper middle-class down to peasants. Paid almost all the taxes. Peasants, 80% of the population, paid 50% tax rate, including church tithe.
3. Estates General---parliament. Each of the estates represented but each get 1/3 of the vote. Third Estate always outvoted.
4. Bourgeoisie--the upper middle class. educated. had gotten enlightenment ideas on government from the Revolution in the United States and the writings of philosophers.
5. Enlightenment Ideas---Liberty, Equality, Brotherhood
6. Louis XVI needs money, forced to call Estates General for first time in 175 years.
7. Crop failures lead to shortages of food for the poor.
8. Louis XVI and his wife Marie Antoinette waste large amounts of money on luxuries and war.
9. Third Estate locked out, forms own government at a Tennis Court, the Tennis Court Oath creates the National Assembly.
10. Louis XVI calls in mercenaries to Paris. People storm the Bastille fort to get guns and ammunition on July 14, 1789. Bastille Day is France's fourth of July or Independence Day.
MME
Video Links: Causes of the French Revolution Part One
The Storming of the Bastille, July 14, 1789.
Causes of Revolution Song
The Guillotine
Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette
Tuesday, March 14
The French Revolution, Part Two
Main Idea: The French Revolution began under the control of educated moderates who wanted slow and small change. It was then hijacked by the radical Jacobins who wanted total change, death to the monarchy, and a bloodbath.
The Declaration of the Rights of Man
- Similar to our Declaration of Independence
- passed by National Assembly August 1789
- Influenced by Thomas Jefferson and the American Revolution
- Believed men have "Natural Rights"
- Social Contract, Locke's and Rousseau's natural rights, Montesquieu's Separation of Powers
- copied by many European nations
- 1790 a French statesman tried to get women included but was voted down
- Watch the Video HERE
Three groups in the National Assembly
Part Two: Crash Course: Start at 3:19
Wednesday, March 15
The Declaration of the Rights of Man
The Declaration of the Rights of Man
Primary Document Reading
Morris 2016
Desk Copy
1. Read the document below, on your own, and try to understand its meaning. Underline the things you think are most important. Put question marks next to things you do not understand. In one short paragraph, write what you think the introduction means. Then read the articles and star three that you think are the most important.
2. Read the document below, a group, highlighting what you think is important and annotating those parts (explaining what you think they mean).
3. As a group, re-write the introduction in modern language (as best you can, I don’t expect perfection here)
4. Rewrite each of the 17 rights in your own words (as a group but each writing).
5. Select the three you as a group think are the most important and tell why. You will be telling the class your reasons Monday.
The representatives of the French people, organized as a National Assembly, believing that the ignorance, neglect, or contempt of the rights of man are the sole cause of public calamities and of the corruption of governments, have determined to set forth in a solemn declaration the natural, unalienable, and sacred rights of man, in order that this declaration, being constantly before all the members of the Social body, shall remind them continually of their rights and duties; in order that the acts of the legislative power, as well as those of the executive power, may be compared at any moment with the objects and purposes of all political institutions and may thus be more respected, and, lastly, in order that the grievances of the citizens, based hereafter upon simple and incontestable principles, shall tend to the maintenance of the constitution and redound to the happiness of all. Therefore the National Assembly recognizes and proclaims, in the presence and under the auspices of the Supreme Being, the following rights of man and of the citizen:
Articles:
1. Men are born and remain free and equal in rights. Social distinctions may be founded only upon the general good.
2. The aim of all political association is the preservation of the natural and imprescriptible rights of man. These rights are liberty, property, security, and resistance to oppression.
3. The principle of all sovereignty resides essentially in the nation. No body nor individual may exercise any authority which does not proceed directly from the nation.
4. Liberty consists in the freedom to do everything which injures no one else; hence the exercise of the natural rights of each man has no limits except those which assure to the other members of the society the enjoyment of the same rights. These limits can only be determined by law.
5. Law can only prohibit such actions as are hurtful to society. Nothing may be prevented which is not forbidden by law, and no one may be forced to do anything not provided for by law.
6. Law is the expression of the general will. Every citizen has a right to participate personally, or through his representative, in its foundation. It must be the same for all, whether it protects or punishes. All citizens, being equal in the eyes of the law, are equally eligible to all dignities and to all public positions and occupations, according to their abilities, and without distinction except that of their virtues and talents.
7. No person shall be accused, arrested, or imprisoned except in the cases and according to the forms prescribed by law. Any one soliciting, transmitting, executing, or causing to be executed, any arbitrary order, shall be punished. But any citizen summoned or arrested in virtue of the law shall submit without delay, as resistance constitutes an offense.
8. The law shall provide for such punishments only as are strictly and obviously necessary, and no one shall suffer punishment except it be legally inflicted in virtue of a law passed and promulgated before the commission of the offense.
9. As all persons are held innocent until they shall have been declared guilty, if arrest shall be deemed indispensable, all harshness not essential to the securing of the prisoner's person shall be severely repressed by law.
10. No one shall be disquieted on account of his opinions, including his religious views, provided their manifestation does not disturb the public order established by law.
11. The free communication of ideas and opinions is one of the most precious of the rights of man. Every citizen may, accordingly, speak, write, and print with freedom, but shall be responsible for such abuses of this freedom as shall be defined by law.
12. The security of the rights of man and of the citizen requires public military forces. These forces are, therefore, established for the good of all and not for the personal advantage of those to whom they shall be intrusted.
13. A common contribution is essential for the maintenance of the public forces and for the cost of administration. This should be equitably distributed among all the citizens in proportion to their means.
14. All the citizens have a right to decide, either personally or by their representatives, as to the necessity of the public contribution; to grant this freely; to know to what uses it is put; and to fix the proportion, the mode of assessment and of collection and the duration of the taxes.
15. Society has the right to require of every public agent an account of his administration.
16. A society in which the observance of the law is not assured, nor the separation of powers defined, has no constitution at all.
17. Since property is an inviolable and sacred right, no one shall be deprived thereof except where public necessity, legally determined, shall clearly demand it, and then only on condition that the owner shall have been previously and equitably indemnified.
Thursday, March 17
The French Revolution: Part Two
Watch the MME
Guillotine--invented by a French doctor, this device was actually a humane alternative to traditional execution with an ax. It was used 16,000 to 40,0000 times during the French Revolution.
Need to read: 8 Things you didn't know about the guillotine.
Jacobin-- the most radical of the political groups in revolutionary France, the Jacobins were responsible for much of the Reign of Terror. Finally, the French people, weary of executions and strange laws changing the names of months and so forth, executed Jacobin leaders, such as Robespierre, shown above at the guillotine.
Phrygian Cap-- a cap originally worn by freed Roman slaves, it became the headgear of the French revolutionary.
Marseillaise--The song of the French Revolution, it became the French National Anthem.
Hear the song and see the translation here.
Words frequently used in national anthem lyrics
· Radicals/Jacobins attempt to ‘restore order’ by killing everybody who disagrees with them
· Sans-culottes: name for revolutionaries, means did not wear knee britches but long pants
· Maximilien Robespierre: Jacobin leader of the revolution
· Extreme changes in French society, from cards to the calendar
· Committee of Public Safety: formed by Jacobins to keep order, but persecuted those who disagreed.
· The Reign of Terror: the time when the Jacobins killed their enemies. 3,000 killed in this short period, over 85% Third Estaters. 40,000 killed altogether in FR.
· Marie Antoinette guillotined
· French sick of killing, turn on Robespierre, he is guillotined
· 1795: New Assembly formed:
Bicameral legislature
Five man executive known as Directory
Needed a military leader to save France, picked Napoleon Bonaparte
MME HERE The French Revolution
Excellent video overview in cartoon form of the French Revolution
Excellent video on the Reign of Terror
Tuesday, March 29
The Rise of Napoleon!
Main Idea: The French Revolution became so violent and radical that the people brought back a powerful ruler--Napoleon Bonaparte.
Part Two: Crash Course: Start at 3:19
- Conservatives--wanted slight change--Constitutional Monarchy
- Moderates--wanted a democracy like the United States
- Radicals--wanted a complete change at all levels of society
- Louis XVI tries to escape and is captured and imprisoned with his family
- Other nations attack France, afraid the revolution could spread
- Jacobins seize power, the most radical sect of the left wing.
- The king is executed for treason 1793
- Violence spreads
Wednesday, March 15
The Declaration of the Rights of Man
The Declaration of the Rights of Man
Primary Document Reading
Morris 2016
Desk Copy
1. Read the document below, on your own, and try to understand its meaning. Underline the things you think are most important. Put question marks next to things you do not understand. In one short paragraph, write what you think the introduction means. Then read the articles and star three that you think are the most important.
2. Read the document below, a group, highlighting what you think is important and annotating those parts (explaining what you think they mean).
3. As a group, re-write the introduction in modern language (as best you can, I don’t expect perfection here)
4. Rewrite each of the 17 rights in your own words (as a group but each writing).
5. Select the three you as a group think are the most important and tell why. You will be telling the class your reasons Monday.
The Declaration of the Rights of Man
Approved by the National Assembly of France, August 26, 1789The representatives of the French people, organized as a National Assembly, believing that the ignorance, neglect, or contempt of the rights of man are the sole cause of public calamities and of the corruption of governments, have determined to set forth in a solemn declaration the natural, unalienable, and sacred rights of man, in order that this declaration, being constantly before all the members of the Social body, shall remind them continually of their rights and duties; in order that the acts of the legislative power, as well as those of the executive power, may be compared at any moment with the objects and purposes of all political institutions and may thus be more respected, and, lastly, in order that the grievances of the citizens, based hereafter upon simple and incontestable principles, shall tend to the maintenance of the constitution and redound to the happiness of all. Therefore the National Assembly recognizes and proclaims, in the presence and under the auspices of the Supreme Being, the following rights of man and of the citizen:
Articles:
1. Men are born and remain free and equal in rights. Social distinctions may be founded only upon the general good.
2. The aim of all political association is the preservation of the natural and imprescriptible rights of man. These rights are liberty, property, security, and resistance to oppression.
3. The principle of all sovereignty resides essentially in the nation. No body nor individual may exercise any authority which does not proceed directly from the nation.
4. Liberty consists in the freedom to do everything which injures no one else; hence the exercise of the natural rights of each man has no limits except those which assure to the other members of the society the enjoyment of the same rights. These limits can only be determined by law.
5. Law can only prohibit such actions as are hurtful to society. Nothing may be prevented which is not forbidden by law, and no one may be forced to do anything not provided for by law.
6. Law is the expression of the general will. Every citizen has a right to participate personally, or through his representative, in its foundation. It must be the same for all, whether it protects or punishes. All citizens, being equal in the eyes of the law, are equally eligible to all dignities and to all public positions and occupations, according to their abilities, and without distinction except that of their virtues and talents.
7. No person shall be accused, arrested, or imprisoned except in the cases and according to the forms prescribed by law. Any one soliciting, transmitting, executing, or causing to be executed, any arbitrary order, shall be punished. But any citizen summoned or arrested in virtue of the law shall submit without delay, as resistance constitutes an offense.
8. The law shall provide for such punishments only as are strictly and obviously necessary, and no one shall suffer punishment except it be legally inflicted in virtue of a law passed and promulgated before the commission of the offense.
9. As all persons are held innocent until they shall have been declared guilty, if arrest shall be deemed indispensable, all harshness not essential to the securing of the prisoner's person shall be severely repressed by law.
10. No one shall be disquieted on account of his opinions, including his religious views, provided their manifestation does not disturb the public order established by law.
11. The free communication of ideas and opinions is one of the most precious of the rights of man. Every citizen may, accordingly, speak, write, and print with freedom, but shall be responsible for such abuses of this freedom as shall be defined by law.
12. The security of the rights of man and of the citizen requires public military forces. These forces are, therefore, established for the good of all and not for the personal advantage of those to whom they shall be intrusted.
13. A common contribution is essential for the maintenance of the public forces and for the cost of administration. This should be equitably distributed among all the citizens in proportion to their means.
14. All the citizens have a right to decide, either personally or by their representatives, as to the necessity of the public contribution; to grant this freely; to know to what uses it is put; and to fix the proportion, the mode of assessment and of collection and the duration of the taxes.
15. Society has the right to require of every public agent an account of his administration.
16. A society in which the observance of the law is not assured, nor the separation of powers defined, has no constitution at all.
17. Since property is an inviolable and sacred right, no one shall be deprived thereof except where public necessity, legally determined, shall clearly demand it, and then only on condition that the owner shall have been previously and equitably indemnified.
Thursday, March 17
The French Revolution: Part Two
Watch the MME
Wednesday, March 16
French Revolution Part 3
Main Idea: The Radicals hijacked the revolution from the moderates, and tried to completely change French society along Humanist principles. They killed or imprisoned those who disagreed with them in the Reign of Terror, and finally the French were so tired of the killing that they turned on the Jacobins and formed a new government.
French Revolution Part 3
Main Idea: The Radicals hijacked the revolution from the moderates, and tried to completely change French society along Humanist principles. They killed or imprisoned those who disagreed with them in the Reign of Terror, and finally the French were so tired of the killing that they turned on the Jacobins and formed a new government.
Guillotine--invented by a French doctor, this device was actually a humane alternative to traditional execution with an ax. It was used 16,000 to 40,0000 times during the French Revolution.
Need to read: 8 Things you didn't know about the guillotine.
Jacobin-- the most radical of the political groups in revolutionary France, the Jacobins were responsible for much of the Reign of Terror. Finally, the French people, weary of executions and strange laws changing the names of months and so forth, executed Jacobin leaders, such as Robespierre, shown above at the guillotine.
Phrygian Cap-- a cap originally worn by freed Roman slaves, it became the headgear of the French revolutionary.
Marseillaise--The song of the French Revolution, it became the French National Anthem.
Hear the song and see the translation here.
Words frequently used in national anthem lyrics
· Radicals/Jacobins attempt to ‘restore order’ by killing everybody who disagrees with them
· Sans-culottes: name for revolutionaries, means did not wear knee britches but long pants
· Maximilien Robespierre: Jacobin leader of the revolution
· Extreme changes in French society, from cards to the calendar
· Committee of Public Safety: formed by Jacobins to keep order, but persecuted those who disagreed.
· The Reign of Terror: the time when the Jacobins killed their enemies. 3,000 killed in this short period, over 85% Third Estaters. 40,000 killed altogether in FR.
· Marie Antoinette guillotined
· French sick of killing, turn on Robespierre, he is guillotined
· 1795: New Assembly formed:
Bicameral legislature
Five man executive known as Directory
Needed a military leader to save France, picked Napoleon Bonaparte
MME HERE The French Revolution
Excellent video overview in cartoon form of the French Revolution
Excellent video on the Reign of Terror
Tuesday, March 29
The Rise of Napoleon!
Main Idea: The French Revolution became so violent and radical that the people brought back a powerful ruler--Napoleon Bonaparte.
·
Napoleon
Bonaparte: born island Corsica 1769-1821
·
Distinguished
self in Revolution and had many victories against other nations trying to
overthrow rev.
·
Encouraged to
take over govt
·
Coup d’etat: a takeover of the government: “blow of state”
·
N becomes first
consul and dictator of France
·
Plebiscite, 1800,
new vote supports strong govt, N
·
Nap brings
order to France (see page 585)
Fairer tax
code, national bank, stable currency, state loans to businesses
Officials
appointed by merit, public education (lycees), code of laws
Supported RC church, signed
agreement w Pope, kept church lands
·
Lycee-government
run schools for all, jobs on merit not rank
·
Concordat—truce
with Pope
·
Napoleonic
Code: laws, influenced European law. Freedom of religion, no social classes, jobs on merit.
·
1804 N crowned
Emperor by Pope. Takes crown and puts on
own head.
·
N builds an
empire, controls all of Europe but England, but sells Louisiana Purchase to US
·
Crushes opposing
armies in Europe
·
Battle of
Trafalgar: loses to English in Naval Battle
·
Map 588
MME The Rise of Napoleon!
Napoleon Video
The Fall of Napoleon AKA Napoleon Go Boom!
Main Idea: By 1812, N controlled most of Europe through conquest and puppet leaders. Within three years, he had lost everything and was exiled.
Josephine-Napoleon's wife. N divorces her and marries an Austrian noblewoman to ally with Austria-Hungary.
Napoleon II--born 1811. Nap's heir
Napoleon I--I love power the way a musician loves his violin
Napoleon's Three Big Mistakes:
1. Blockade of England--backfires when English Navy blockades France
2. Peninsular War--War with Portugal, N. loses 30,000 men.
3. War with Russia----Nap attacks R for selling wheat to England
invades summer 1812
Grand Army--soldiers from conquered nations, less loyal
Scorched Earth---R destroys crops, animals, poisons wells as F advances
R makes it to Moscow but empty -35 degrees.
Only 10,000 of original 300,000 make it home to France
Nap's enemies attack him.
1814 Nap exiled to Elbe
1815 Nap escapes, regains throne
Other nations attack F,
Nap defeated at Battle of Waterloo
Nap exiled to St. Helena, where he dies 1821 at age 52
T-Notes Hard Copy
Napoleon Go Boom
Vocab/Term Details
Napoleon controlled almost all Europe by 1812
within two years would be exiled
first worry--He needed a male heir
Josephine failed to bear him children
divorced her and married an Austrian Noblewoman
alliance between Austria and France
Napoleon II born in 1811
Napoleon love of power was a dangerous failing
"I love power the way a musician loves his violin"
Nappy's 3 Costly Mistakes 1. Blockade of England
designed to hurt British trade and increase Fr, trade
E. retaliates and it hurts F more
2. The Peninsular War
N. attacked Portugal
N. lost 300,000 troops in war
3. The Invasion of Russia
invaded R for selling grain to England
June 1812
Grand Army--soldiers from all over Europe
less loyal to N
Russia scorched-earth policy
Napoleon ordered a retreat temperatures 35 below zero
only 10,000 of 300,000 survived
1814 Russia, Austria and Prussia enter Paris
1814 Napoleon banished to island of Elbe off Italy
1815 escapes from Elba and returns to France
Waterloo Nappy's army defeated
Napoleon shipped to St. Helena Island in S. Atlantic
died 1821 of stomach ailment, perhaps cancer 52
MME: The Fall of Napoleon
Napoleon on St.Helena
Friday, April 8 and Monday, April 11
The Congress of Vienna
Monday, April 11
T-Notes: Napoleon's Fall and the Congress of Vienna
Red (key terms) Blue (explanations)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
After Napoleon Europeans wanted to prevent another nation from getting too much power.
Five Great Powers Met in Vienna, Austria in 1814-1815
The Big Five 1. Prussia
2. Russia
3. Austria
4. England
5. France
Klaus von Metternich Austrian foreign minister and most influential member
Nobleman, did not trust democratic or revolutionary
movements in France or England
wanted monarchs to rule
Metternich's Three Goals 1. surround France with strong nations
a. weak nations around France strengthened,
b. 39 German states become German Confederation
c. Switzerland neutral
d. Netherlands (Holland) created
2. restore the balance of power
3. restore kings to throne in Europe
kings will restore order
How Effective Was It? kept peace for over 30 years, till 1853
wouldn't last forever
Wednesday, April 13
Review for Thursday Quiz
Where is Vienna?
Name the Big Five Powers
What were the Three Goals of the Congress of Vienna?
New nations created? Name some.
What is the Balance of Power?
How effective is the Balance of Power? Why do you think so?
MME The Rise of Napoleon!
Napoleon Video
The Fall of Napoleon AKA Napoleon Go Boom!
Main Idea: By 1812, N controlled most of Europe through conquest and puppet leaders. Within three years, he had lost everything and was exiled.
Josephine-Napoleon's wife. N divorces her and marries an Austrian noblewoman to ally with Austria-Hungary.
Napoleon II--born 1811. Nap's heir
Napoleon I--I love power the way a musician loves his violin
Napoleon's Three Big Mistakes:
1. Blockade of England--backfires when English Navy blockades France
2. Peninsular War--War with Portugal, N. loses 30,000 men.
3. War with Russia----Nap attacks R for selling wheat to England
invades summer 1812
Grand Army--soldiers from conquered nations, less loyal
Scorched Earth---R destroys crops, animals, poisons wells as F advances
R makes it to Moscow but empty -35 degrees.
Only 10,000 of original 300,000 make it home to France
Nap's enemies attack him.
1814 Nap exiled to Elbe
1815 Nap escapes, regains throne
Other nations attack F,
Nap defeated at Battle of Waterloo
Nap exiled to St. Helena, where he dies 1821 at age 52
 |
| Napoleon's final house, on St. Helena Island |
T-Notes Hard Copy
Napoleon Go Boom
Vocab/Term Details
Napoleon controlled almost all Europe by 1812
within two years would be exiled
first worry--He needed a male heir
Josephine failed to bear him children
divorced her and married an Austrian Noblewoman
alliance between Austria and France
Napoleon II born in 1811
Napoleon love of power was a dangerous failing
"I love power the way a musician loves his violin"
Nappy's 3 Costly Mistakes 1. Blockade of England
designed to hurt British trade and increase Fr, trade
E. retaliates and it hurts F more
2. The Peninsular War
N. attacked Portugal
N. lost 300,000 troops in war
3. The Invasion of Russia
invaded R for selling grain to England
June 1812
Grand Army--soldiers from all over Europe
less loyal to N
Russia scorched-earth policy
Napoleon ordered a retreat temperatures 35 below zero
only 10,000 of 300,000 survived
1814 Russia, Austria and Prussia enter Paris
1814 Napoleon banished to island of Elbe off Italy
1815 escapes from Elba and returns to France
Waterloo Nappy's army defeated
Napoleon shipped to St. Helena Island in S. Atlantic
died 1821 of stomach ailment, perhaps cancer 52
Napoleon on St.Helena
Study Guide Morris World History 9
Absolutism, French Revolution, Napoleon
1. Define
absolutism. How did it lead to the
French Revolution?
2. Define
Divine Right. How did it lead to the
French Revolution?
3.
Why did Louis XIV (Louis the 14th) build
Versailles? What was Versailles?
4.
What was the Edict of Nantes? What did Louis XIV do with the Edict and what
was the result?
5.
Why did Louis XIV call himself the Sun King?
6. What
two things did Louis XIV do that bankrupted France?
7. Who
was John Locke and what did he believe about the role of governments? How did this conflict with the ideas of royal
absolutism and divine right? English philosopher who believed government should
protect people’s natural rights.
8.
The French people were inspired by enlightenment
ideas. Where did many of these ideas come from?
9.
What was the Estates General? What was its purpose? Was it used by French kings?
10.
What were the three estates in the Estates
General? Skip to 11.
11.
The First Estate contained the ___________. It had ____ percent of the land, paid ___
percent of the taxes. The Second Estate
was the _____. It had ___ percent of the
land and paid ____ percent of the taxes.
The Third Estate contained ____________.
It owned the rest of the land and paid _________ percent of the
taxes.
12.
Louis XVI (Louis the 16th) was
married to ____________.
13.
Why did Louis 16 call the Estates General? How long had it been since the Estates
General had last met?
14.
Why was the Third Estate unhappy with the way
people in France were represented?
15.
What did the Third Estate do after it was locked
out of the Estates General?
16.
What is the Tennis Court Oath and why is it
called that?
17.
What was the new government called?
18.
How did the following influence the French
Revolution?
a. England’s
Parliamentary Monarchy
b. The
American Revolution
c. John
Locke and Rousseau’s ideas on government
d. The
printing press
19.
What event is considered the beginning of the
French Revolution? What happened? What date was it (month/day/year)?
20.
What was the reaction of other European nations
to the French Revolution? Why?
21.
What was the importance of the Declaration of
the Rights of Man? Give some important
rights granted by the Declaration. What
influenced the Declaration?
22.
Who were the radicals and what did they believe?
23.
Which radical party gained control of the
revolution? Who was its leader?
24.
What were some of the radicals’ goals?
25.
Why did the radicals lose the support of most in
France?
26.
What is a guillotine and why was it invented?
27.
What happened to Louis 16? Marie Antoinette?
28.
What was the Reign of Terror? How many French were beheaded?
29.
What was Napoleon’s background? (Where was he from, what social class was he
from, how was he educated, what was his specialty in the army?)
30.
Who was Josephine and why was she important?
31.
Which side in the revolution did Napoleon fight
for?
32.
What is a Phrygian cap? What is a sans Coulotte?
33.
Why did people reject the most radical ideas of
the revolution?
34.
What was the Directory? How many members?
35.
What is a coup d’etat?
36.
Once Napoleon had control of the army, what did
he do?
37.
Who crowned Napoleon? Why important? What did Napoleon do at this event that was
unexpected? Why did he do it?
38.
Give some positive things Napoleon did for France.
39.
What was the Napoleonic Code?
40.
Why did Napoleon divorce Josephine? Who did he marry and why?
41.
What 3 things led to Napoleon’s downfall?
42.
What is a blockade?
43.
Why was the invasion of Russia such a disaster?
44.
What is a ‘scorched-earth’ policy?
45.
Where was Napoleon exiled the first time?
46.
What battle ended Napoleon’s comeback?
47.
Where was he exiled the second time?
Friday, April 8 and Monday, April 11
The Congress of Vienna
The Congress of Vienna Map Name
Europe in 1810 and again
in 1817 Period
Using the maps in the
book, label both maps below and answer the questions by comparing the maps.
The French Empir in
1810 (Map in book page 596)
Label: French Empire, Spain, Portugal, United
Kingdom and Great Britain, Confederaton of the Rhine, Prussia, Austrian Empire,
Switzerland, Italy, Corsica, Sardinia, Kingdom of Naples, Russian Empire,
Ottoman Empire. Color all French-held
land purple or blue. Make a key and color
the other areas how you like.
-
French Empire
-
Countries
Controlled by Napoleon
-
Countries Allied
with Napoleon
-
Countries at War
with Napoleon
Europe after the Congress of Vienna (page 596)
Using the map above,
label the following: France, Spain,
Portugal, United Kingdom of Great Britain, Netherlands, Hanover, Denmark,
Prussia, Bavaria, Austrian Empire, Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, Papal States,
Tuscany, Milan, Switzerland, Corsica, Kingdom of Sardinia, Mediterranean Sea,
Atlantic Ocean
-
Draw a red border around the German
Confederation
-
Color ALL of the above differently except the
water.
-
The nations will not match the modern nations as
shown on these maps. You will have to
estimate. 
Using the book, answer these
questions. Pages 593-594
1.
When was
the Congress of Vienna?
2.
What was its purpose?
3.
Define the Balance of Power.
4.
Who was Klemens von Metternich?
Monday, April 11
T-Notes: Napoleon's Fall and the Congress of Vienna
Red (key terms) Blue (explanations)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
After Napoleon Europeans wanted to prevent another nation from getting too much power.
Five Great Powers Met in Vienna, Austria in 1814-1815
The Big Five 1. Prussia
2. Russia
3. Austria
4. England
5. France
Klaus von Metternich Austrian foreign minister and most influential member
Nobleman, did not trust democratic or revolutionary
movements in France or England
wanted monarchs to rule
Metternich's Three Goals 1. surround France with strong nations
a. weak nations around France strengthened,
b. 39 German states become German Confederation
c. Switzerland neutral
d. Netherlands (Holland) created
2. restore the balance of power
3. restore kings to throne in Europe
kings will restore order
How Effective Was It? kept peace for over 30 years, till 1853
wouldn't last forever
Wednesday, April 13
Review for Thursday Quiz
Where is Vienna?
Name the Big Five Powers
What were the Three Goals of the Congress of Vienna?
New nations created? Name some.
What is the Balance of Power?
How effective is the Balance of Power? Why do you think so?
No comments:
Post a Comment