Let There Be Blood: Part One: England
Main Idea: The Age of Absolutism ended in England with the beheading of Charles I, triggering a Civil War.
Charles I loses his head 1649
Divine Right--the ancient belief that the right of a king to rule is given by God
Kings and Queens before Charles used Parliament to rule.
Charles I--needed money for wars, couldn't get it without calling the Parliament. Parl. said no money without rights
Parliament- made up of two houses,
- House of Commons (two knights and two townsmen from each area of England)
- House of Lords (Nobles).
Charles needs money, grants rights to English through Parliament
New Rights:
- Habeas Corpus---cannot imprison citizens without just cause
- no taxes without Parliament's consent
- no quartering of soldiers in private homes
- no martial law (shoot to kill) during peacetime
2. Charles sends Parliament home
3. Mob attacks palace. Charles flees to Northern England.
4. Civil War--
3. Mob attacks palace. Charles flees to Northern England.
4. Civil War--
- Loyalists/Cavaliers (loyal to king) versus Puritans/Roundheads (those who want him overthrown)
- Roundheads led by brilliant general, Oliver Cromwell
1649 Charles in beheaded.
Oliver Cromwell, Roundhead Leader
Video Clip Charles I
Video Clip: Monarchs by Permission Only: The Black Rod
Oliver Cromwell
Monty Python
Monday, February 22
The English Republic
1649-1660
Republic--a nation where the citizens elect their leaders. England was a Republic for 11 years during the time of Cromwell. (Interregnum)Oliver Cromwell--became Lord Protector of England (basically had dictatorial powers)
built strong army and navy
enacted strict social laws on entertainment
chose his son to succeed him
given a king's burial at death, but later dug up, hung, and had his head on a pike
Restoration--the time when the monarchy was restored in England. Charles I was replaced by his son Charles II.
Tuesday, Feb 23 through Thursday, Feb 25
Philosophers of the Enlightenment
Journal: Are all of us really created equal or is it true that some people are better than others? Explain your answer.
Main Idea: The freedoms we enjoy today are the result of philosophers using reason to improve society.
Notes are T-Notes from the MME
Main words on left in reddish pink, definitions and explanations on the right in yellow.
MME Is HERE
Enlightenment Video Watch Here
Additional information on Hobbes vs Locke in detail
Enlightenment Philosophers T-Notes
Red (Vocab) Yellow (definitions)
_________________________________________________________________
Enlightenment *many thinkers were influenced by the Scientific Method
and by the discoveries of scientists in the Enlightenment.
*philosophers hoped to use scientific method and reason
to solve society's problems as well.
*this included: government, the economy, religion, and
education.
*the movement reached its peak in the 1700s, right as the US
was about to be born. The US would be one huge experiment
Thomas Hobbes *English philosopher.
*believed human beings are selfish and wicked
*without government, it would be every man for himself and
total anarchy.
*men needed government to keep humans under control
Social Contract *Hobbes said men will give up some freedom for protection
*a government needs total poweer
*the only effective leader is an absolute monarch
 |
| Thomas Hobbes |
John Locke *Human beings basically tend towards good
John Locke in 3 minutes *Humans can learn from experience and improve themselves
(Warning: Several bad words) *People should be able to govern themselves
*All people are born free and equal
*All people are born with certain NATURAL RIGHTS
*The biggest are life, liberty and property
Purpose of the Government *to protect each person's rights
*if the government fails to protect rights, people have the
right to overthrow the government and start a new one.
***This was very big to the Founding Fathers! Remember, the British was quartering soldiers in American homes, was taxing colonists without representation, and was violating habeas corpus.
The Founding Fathers drew heavily from John Locke.
The Philosophes *French philosophers
*influenced by Englishmen Locke and Hobbes
*believed one could use Reason to solve all of society's problems *Five Basic Philisophe Concepts
1. Reason *could lead men to truth
2. Nature *there are Natural Laws governing all things
3. Happiness *a person living under and with natural laws will be happy
4. Progress *a society of reasoned people will improve over time.
5. Liberty *all human beings deserve to live free of Oppression.
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| John Locke
Voltaire *used satire as his main tool of protest
*attacked Church, Nobility and King
*was kicked out of France twice
*lived in England and liked how the Parliament had more
power than the king.
*freedom of religion and freedom of speech
*most famous work is Candide
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Enlightenment Ideas and the United States
Enlightenment and US Democratic Ideas Video
US And Enlightenment II
ECA Study Guide Posted 2/29/16
Student ECA Guide Morris
Questions will be matching and multiple choice.
A.
The Early
Middle Ages
1.
The Middle Ages is called the Middle Ages
because it is between to other time periods. One is marked by the
_______________ and the ______________.
2.
Why is the early Middle Ages also called the
Dark Ages?
3.
What three things made the Dark Ages “dark”?
4.
What is feudalism and why was it
developed?
5.
Be able to fill in a feudal pyramid. King,
Nobles, Knights, Peasants, Serfs
6.
What is a sacrament? What is excommunication?
7.
Who had more power in the MA, the Pope or the
King? Why?
8.
What is Charlemagne important for?
9.
What is a pilgrimage and why did
many make them? What is a relic?
10.
Why were
statues and stained glass used a lot in churches?
11.
What was the goal of the Crusades?
12.
Were the Crusades a success? Why or why not?
13.
Why is there so much war in the Holy Land
regarding religion?
B.
The High Middles
1.
Why did Benedict start monasteries?
2.
How did monasteries preserve learning in the
Early Middle Ages?
3.
What is—simony, lay investiture, papal
interdict, monk, friar
4.
What caused the Great Schism and what two
nations did the Popes live in during the Schism?
5.
Why did John Wycliffe disagree with the Catholic
Church? What did he believe?
6.
The plague originated in ________________.
It was carried by two animals, __________ and ____________, to Europe on
___________ via trade routes.
7.
___ million Europeans died of the Plague,
roughly ____ of the population. (fraction)
8.
How did the Plague effect people’s attitudes
towards the church and how did it effect feudalism?
9.
Who fought in the 100 Years War?
10.
What weapon changed history in the 100
Years War?
11.
Who was Joan of Arc and why is she so important?
12.
Why is
the Three Field System is better than the two-field system.
13.
What other advances improved food production and
diet in the Middle Ages?
14.
What is a guild?
How does one join? What is the purpose of a guild?
15.
What
happened in the Norman Conquest?
16.
What is the Domesday Book?
17.
Why did King John agree to the Magna Carta?
18.
List rights given by the Magna Carta.
19.
Give two reasons for anti-Semitism in
Europe
C.
Renaissance
1.
Renaissance began in __________ and ended in
______________.
2.
Give two reasons for the Renaissance.
3.
What two ancient cultures were rediscovered in
the Renaissance?
4.
Why were patrons important in the Renaissance?
5.
The birthplace of the Renaissance was the
city of ______________. The patron family of this city was the
________________family.
6.
Why did Europe became more secular and more
humanist in the Renaissance.
7.
Rome became an even more important cultural
center after the Eastern Roman capital of ______________ fell to the
_______________.
8.
What is a Renaissance Man or Woman?
9.
How is Renaissance art different from Medieval
art?
10.
What is the importance of the Printing Press and
who invented it?
11.
Why were more books written in the vernacular
during the Renaissance?
12.
Why did Martin Luther object to the Catholic
church?
13.
What is an indulgence and why did the church
sell indulgences?
14.
Martin Luther believed man needed only
____________ and the ____________ to be saved.
15.
What was Calvin’s theory of predestination?
16.
Why did Henry VIII and why did he break from the
Catholic church?
17.
What was the role of Muslims in the new
discoveries?
18.
What are the geocentric and heliocentric
theories?
19.
Why did Galileo get in trouble for the
heliocentric theory?
20.
Isaac Newton is known for _________
21.
Why did many European nations want to explore
the world?
22.
The two main exploring nations were ____________
and _____________.
23.
What did Magellan do?
24.
What was the Treaty of Tordesillas and who did
it favor? How did it?
D.
Age of Absolutism in England
1.
What is absolutism? What is divine right?
2.
How did philosophers use classical learning to
change how people thought about governments, economies, and so forth?
3.
Why did King Charles I give up rights to
Parliament?
4.
Give two of those rights?
5.
What happened to Charles?
6.
Who were the Cavaliers? Who were the Roundheads? Who won?
7.
What was the rule of Oliver Cromwell like?
8.
What is the enlightenment?
9.
What did Thomas Hobbes believe was the reason man
has government?
10.
What did John Locke believe was the reason man
has government?
11.
What did Rosseau believe about government?
12.
What did Montesque believe about government?
13.
What is the importance of the Black Rod?
14.
What are two natural rights the Founding Fathers
got from Enlightenment philosophers?
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